Batch and Continuous Column Adsorption of p-Nitrophenol onto Activated Carbons with Different Particle Sizes

The study focused on investigating the solvent adsorption of p-Nitrophenol (PNP) onto activated carbons for wastewater treatment. It explored influence adsorbate concentration and adsorbent size equilibrium isotherms removal rates to develop efficient processes. examined under conditions utilizing both Langmuir Double-Langmuir models Dubinin–Radushkevich equation. Remarkably, all demonstrated equally excellent fitting experimental data. Kinetics PNP were investigated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. This provided insights into dominant mechanism mass transfer phenomena, aiding design treatment Strong correlations (correlation coefficients > 0.9) found between data three types batch conditions. validation enhances reliability applicability models, supporting their practical use. also observed a slight increase in maximum capacity (qmax) with decreasing particle size, although there is not significant difference: 340, 350, 365 mg·g−1, CB-L, CB-M, CB-S, respectively. insight helps selecting appropriate carbon effective removal, considering size. Furthermore, analysis dynamic fixed-bed columns highlighted significance inlet velocity determining breakthrough time, playing secondary role. information aids optimizing operation systems removal. In summary, this study’s contributions lie enhancing our understanding By isotherms, kinetics, it provides validated guidance systems. These findings contribute development sustainable methods.